Industri

In this modern era, environmental challenges are increasingly complex, primarily due to the long-dominant linear economic model. This model, with its “take, make, dispose” principle, has resulted in the overexploitation of natural resources, the generation of vast amounts of waste, and the disruption of ecosystem balance. As an alternative, the concept of a circular economy […]

The mining industry plays a vital role in the global economy, including in Indonesia. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS) (2022), this sector accounts for approximately 12% of Indonesia’s total exports and contributes 7.31% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).